Identity and Access Management’s (IAM) Evolution: From Gatekeeper to Open Door
Identity and Access Management (IAM) has come a long way since its inception. It started as a simple gatekeeper, responsible for controlling who had access to an organization’s resources. Today, IAM has evolved into a sophisticated system that handles multiple cloud environments, applications, and data, making it a critical component of an organization’s data security posture.

• With the rise of cloud computing, IAM has become more complex and critical than ever before.
• The average enterprise manages multiple cloud environments and around 1,000 applications, creating a highly fragmented landscape that attackers are actively capitalizing on.
• IBM’s 2025 Threat Intelligence Index found that most of the cyber attacks investigated last year were caused by cybercriminals using stolen employee credentials to breach corporate networks.

The Threats Facing IAM

The threats facing IAM today are more sophisticated and varied than ever before. AI-driven attacks are set to make this problem even worse, with attackers using large language models (LLMs) to automate spear-phishing campaigns and scrape billions of exposed credentials to fuel automated identity attacks.

A New Era of Authentication

The future of secure modern authentication requires reducing the user burden from the identity paradigm by moving away from passwords and knowledge-based authentication. A modern way to authenticate is passwordless authentication, based on the FIDO (Fast Identity Online) standard.

1. Instead of choosing and remembering a password, users authenticate with biometrics or a hardware-backed credential.
2. Biometrics and hardware-backed credentials are protected by the operating system, browser, and password manager, significantly reducing the risk of phishing attacks and stolen credentials.
3. Passkeys are phishing resistant, offer a better user experience, and improve security posture.

Digital Credentials: Removing the Burden of Security Decisions

Digital credentials are another technology that helps remove the burden of security decisions from users. While passwordless authentication provides a secure way to access resources, digital credentials provide a secure way to share private data.

Digital credentials are sometimes referred to as verifiable credentials.

Digital credentials allow organisations to validate users without exposing unnecessary or sensitive personal data.

Examples of digital credentials include digital employee badges and mobile driver’s licences.

• A digital driver’s licence lets users prove their age for restricted purchases without revealing unnecessary personal information.
• Digital paystubs allow users to confirm salary requirements for a loan without disclosing their actual salary.

Conclusion

Identity and Access Management (IAM) has evolved significantly since its inception. From a simple gatekeeper to a sophisticated system that handles multiple cloud environments, applications, and data, IAM has become a critical component of an organization’s data security posture. As the threats facing IAM continue to evolve, it is essential to adopt new technologies and standards, such as passwordless authentication and digital credentials, to improve security posture and reduce the user burden.